Deer Jerky Recipe: Flavorful and Chewy Snack

Deer jerky is a beloved snack that combines rich flavors, satisfying texture, and the great outdoors. This time-honored treat has its roots in ancient preservation techniques, where hunters would dry meat to extend its shelf life, making it easy to transport and store. Today, deer jerky is not only enjoyed by those who hunt but also by food enthusiasts seeking a nutritious and flavorful snack.

What makes deer jerky so appealing is its unique taste and versatility. It offers a distinct, savory flavor profile that is often enhanced with a variety of marinades and spices, catering to both traditional and adventurous palates. Whether enjoyed on a camping trip, as a protein-packed snack during hikes, or as a convenient on-the-go treat, deer jerky has earned its place in many kitchens and snack cabinets.

Making deer jerky at home allows for customization, enabling you to experiment with different flavors, textures, and spices according to your preferences. Additionally, it’s a great way to utilize deer meat, especially for those who hunt or have access to fresh venison.

As you delve into the world of deer jerky, you’ll discover not only how to make it but also the best ways to store, serve, and enjoy this delicious snack. Whether you’re a seasoned jerky maker or new to the process, there’s something rewarding about creating your own deer jerky that reflects your tastes and adventures.

Essential Ingredients for Deer Jerky

Creating delicious deer jerky requires a few key ingredients that come together to enhance the natural flavors of the venison. Here’s a list of essential ingredients you’ll need to make your own deer jerky at home:

1. Venison (Deer Meat)

The star of the show! Select lean cuts of deer meat, such as the backstrap, tenderloin, or hindquarters. Leaner cuts will result in a better texture and longer shelf life since excess fat can lead to spoilage.

2. Marinade

A good marinade is crucial for flavoring the jerky. Basic components include:

  • Soy Sauce: Adds saltiness and umami flavor.
  • Worcestershire Sauce: Enhances flavor depth with its tangy profile.
  • Apple Cider Vinegar or Red Wine Vinegar: Adds acidity to tenderize the meat and enhance flavor.
  • Hot Sauce or Red Pepper Flakes: Optional, for those who like a spicy kick.

3. Sweetener

Adding a sweet element balances the savory flavors. Common options include:

  • Brown Sugar: Adds sweetness and caramelization.
  • Honey or Maple Syrup: For a natural sweetener with a unique flavor.

4. Seasonings

These will give your jerky its distinctive taste. Some popular options include:

  • Garlic Powder: Adds a savory kick.
  • Onion Powder: Enhances flavor complexity.
  • Black Pepper: Provides heat and depth.
  • Smoked Paprika or Liquid Smoke: For a smoky flavor, reminiscent of traditional jerky.

5. Salt

Essential for preservation and flavor, kosher salt or sea salt is typically used. The salt helps draw moisture from the meat, which is crucial for the jerky-making process.

6. Optional Additions

Feel free to experiment with other ingredients to personalize your jerky:

  • Herbs: Such as thyme, rosemary, or oregano for added flavor.
  • Citrus Zest: Lemon or lime zest can brighten the flavor profile.
  • Mustard Powder: Adds a subtle tanginess.
  • Crushed Red Pepper or Other Spices: For a customized heat level.

With these essential ingredients, you can create a delicious and flavorful deer jerky that satisfies your cravings and showcases the unique taste of venison. The beauty of making jerky at home is the ability to adjust the marinade and seasonings to your liking, making each batch a unique culinary adventure!

Equipment Needed for Making Jerky

Making deer jerky at home requires some essential equipment to ensure the process is efficient and effective. Here’s a list of the key tools and equipment you’ll need:

1. Sharp Knife

A sharp knife is essential for trimming the venison and slicing it into uniform strips. Look for a knife that is sturdy and comfortable to handle, which will make cutting the meat easier and more precise.

2. Cutting Board

Use a dedicated cutting board for meat preparation. This helps keep your workspace clean and prevents cross-contamination with other foods.

3. Mixing Bowl

A large mixing bowl is needed to combine your marinade ingredients. Ensure it’s made of non-reactive materials like glass, stainless steel, or plastic to avoid any unwanted chemical reactions with acidic ingredients.

4. Measuring Cups and Spoons

Accurate measurements are key to creating a balanced marinade. Have measuring cups and spoons on hand to measure out your liquids, spices, and sweeteners.

5. Marinade Container

After preparing the marinade, you’ll need a container to marinate the meat. This could be a resealable plastic bag or a shallow dish. Make sure it’s large enough to hold the meat and marinade without spilling.

6. Dehydrator or Oven

The primary method for drying jerky is using either a food dehydrator or an oven.

  • Food Dehydrator: This is the most effective option for jerky making, as it provides consistent low heat and airflow, resulting in evenly dried meat.
  • Oven: If you don’t have a dehydrator, you can use your oven. Set it to a low temperature (usually around 160°F or 70°C) and leave the door slightly ajar to allow moisture to escape.

7. Wire Racks or Jerky Racks

If using an oven, wire racks can help elevate the meat, allowing air to circulate around it for even drying. Some dehydrators come with their own racks designed for jerky.

8. Thermometer

A food thermometer is helpful for ensuring the jerky reaches a safe internal temperature (typically 160°F or 70°C for beef and venison) during the drying process, which helps kill any harmful bacteria.

9. Airtight Storage Containers

Once your jerky is finished, you’ll need airtight containers or resealable bags for storing it. Glass jars, vacuum-sealed bags, or heavy-duty resealable bags work well for keeping the jerky fresh and extending its shelf life.

10. Optional: Food Scale

If you want to ensure consistent thickness and portion sizes, a food scale can help you weigh the meat before cutting it into strips.

With this essential equipment, you’ll be well-prepared to make delicious and flavorful deer jerky right at home. Enjoy the process, and don’t hesitate to experiment with flavors and techniques to create your perfect jerky!

Step-by-Step Instructions for Deer Jerky

Making deer jerky at home is a straightforward process that results in a delicious and satisfying snack. Follow these step-by-step instructions to create your own flavorful jerky:

Step 1: Gather Your Ingredients and Equipment

Before you begin, make sure you have all the necessary ingredients and equipment ready. Refer to the lists of essential ingredients and equipment for deer jerky to ensure you have everything on hand.

Step 2: Prepare the Venison

  1. Trim the Meat: Remove any fat, sinew, or silver skin from the deer meat. Fat can cause the jerky to spoil more quickly, so it’s best to use lean cuts.
  2. Slice the Meat: Using a sharp knife, cut the venison into thin strips, approximately 1/4 inch thick. For easier slicing, partially freeze the meat for about 1-2 hours beforehand, which firms it up and makes it easier to cut.

Step 3: Make the Marinade

  1. In a mixing bowl, combine your marinade ingredients. Typical components include soy sauce, Worcestershire sauce, vinegar, spices, and sweeteners. Adjust the measurements according to your taste preferences.
  2. Mix the marinade thoroughly to ensure all ingredients are well blended.

Step 4: Marinate the Meat

  1. Place the sliced venison into a large resealable plastic bag or a shallow dish.
  2. Pour the marinade over the meat, making sure each piece is evenly coated.
  3. Seal the bag or cover the dish, then refrigerate for at least 4 hours, preferably overnight. This allows the flavors to penetrate the meat.

Step 5: Preheat the Dehydrator or Oven

  • Dehydrator: Set it to 155°F to 160°F (68°C to 71°C).
  • Oven: Preheat to the lowest setting, usually around 160°F (70°C), and leave the door slightly ajar to allow moisture to escape.

Step 6: Arrange the Meat for Drying

  1. Remove the marinated meat from the refrigerator and let it drain for a few minutes.
  2. Pat the meat dry with paper towels to remove excess marinade, which helps in achieving a better texture.
  3. Lay the meat strips in a single layer on the dehydrator trays or wire racks in the oven, ensuring they do not overlap.

Step 7: Dry the Jerky

  1. Dehydrator: Dry the jerky for 4 to 6 hours, checking periodically for doneness. The jerky is ready when it bends but does not break.
  2. Oven: Dry the jerky for 4 to 6 hours as well, flipping the strips halfway through for even drying. Monitor closely to avoid over-drying.

Step 8: Check for Doneness

The jerky should be firm and dry but still slightly pliable. To test, remove a piece and let it cool for a minute. It should be chewy, not brittle. If it’s too soft or moist, continue drying for another hour and check again.

Step 9: Cool and Store the Jerky

  1. Once the jerky is done, remove it from the dehydrator or oven and let it cool at room temperature for about 30 minutes.
  2. Store the cooled jerky in airtight containers or resealable bags. If properly dried and stored, it can last for several weeks at room temperature, or longer if refrigerated or vacuum-sealed.

Step 10: Enjoy Your Deer Jerky

Now that you’ve made your own deer jerky, it’s time to enjoy it! Share with friends and family, or keep it on hand as a tasty snack for hiking, camping, or any adventure.

By following these steps, you can create delicious, homemade deer jerky tailored to your taste preferences. Enjoy the process and the flavorful results!

Drying Techniques for Jerky

Drying is a crucial step in the jerky-making process, as it removes moisture from the meat to create a long-lasting and flavorful snack. There are several effective techniques for drying jerky, each with its advantages. Here’s an overview of the most popular methods:

1. Dehydrator

A food dehydrator is one of the most efficient and effective methods for drying jerky. It provides consistent low heat and airflow, which promotes even drying without cooking the meat.

  • How to Use:
    • Arrange the marinated meat strips on the dehydrator trays in a single layer, ensuring they don’t touch.
    • Set the dehydrator to a temperature of 155°F to 160°F (68°C to 71°C).
    • Dry for 4 to 6 hours, checking periodically for doneness. The jerky should be firm, pliable, and not brittle.
  • Benefits:
    • Provides controlled temperature and airflow for optimal drying.
    • Can accommodate multiple trays, allowing for large batches.

2. Oven

Using a conventional oven is a common alternative if you don’t have a dehydrator. While it may not offer the same level of airflow, it can still produce good results.

  • How to Use:
    • Preheat the oven to its lowest setting, usually around 160°F (70°C).
    • Place a wire rack on a baking sheet to elevate the meat, allowing air to circulate.
    • Lay the marinated meat strips in a single layer on the wire rack.
    • Keep the oven door slightly ajar to allow moisture to escape and dry the jerky for 4 to 6 hours, flipping halfway through.
  • Benefits:
    • Easy to use and accessible, as most kitchens have an oven.
    • Can be used for smaller batches if a dehydrator is not available.

3. Air Drying

Air drying is a traditional method used by many cultures, but it requires a controlled environment and is best for those with experience.

  • How to Use:
    • After marinating the meat, hang strips on hooks or place them on drying racks in a well-ventilated area.
    • Ensure that the environment is cool, dry, and free from insects.
    • It may take several days for the jerky to dry completely, depending on humidity and temperature.
  • Benefits:
    • A natural method that doesn’t require electricity.
    • Can produce a unique texture and flavor.

4. Smoker

Using a smoker adds a rich, smoky flavor to jerky while also drying it. This method combines cooking and drying, resulting in a deliciously flavored product.

  • How to Use:
    • Preheat the smoker to about 160°F (70°C).
    • Place the marinated meat strips directly on the smoker racks, ensuring adequate airflow between the pieces.
    • Smoke the jerky for 4 to 6 hours, checking for doneness.
  • Benefits:
    • Infuses the jerky with deep, smoky flavors.
    • Great for those who enjoy the taste of smoked meats.

5. Sun Drying

Sun drying is another traditional method that relies on natural sunlight to dry the meat. It works best in hot, dry climates and requires careful attention to food safety.

  • How to Use:
    • After marinating, place the meat strips on racks or screens to allow air circulation.
    • Position the racks in direct sunlight, covering with cheesecloth to protect from insects.
    • Rotate the meat throughout the day to ensure even drying, which may take 1 to 2 days.
  • Benefits:
    • A cost-effective method that harnesses natural sunlight.
    • Produces jerky with a distinct, sun-dried flavor.

Tips for All Drying Methods

  • Monitor Temperature: Ensure that the temperature remains consistent to effectively kill bacteria and properly dry the meat.
  • Check for Doneness: The jerky should be firm and pliable but not overly brittle. It should bend without breaking.
  • Cool and Store: Let the jerky cool completely before storing it in airtight containers or bags to maintain freshness.

By choosing the right drying technique for your needs and preferences, you can create delicious homemade deer jerky that’s perfect for snacking or sharing!

Tips for Achieving Perfect Deer Jerky

Creating delicious deer jerky requires attention to detail and a few handy tips to ensure you get the best flavor, texture, and preservation. Here are some essential tips to help you achieve perfect deer jerky every time:

1. Choose the Right Cut of Meat

Selecting the right cut of venison is crucial for making jerky. Opt for lean cuts like backstrap, tenderloin, or hindquarters, as these will produce the best texture and flavor. Trim any excess fat, sinew, or silver skin, as fat can spoil and negatively affect the jerky’s shelf life.

2. Slice Evenly

For uniform drying, slice the meat into strips that are approximately 1/4 inch thick. This consistency ensures that each piece dries at the same rate. If you find it challenging to cut the meat, partially freezing it for 1-2 hours can make it easier to slice.

3. Use a Flavorful Marinade

A well-balanced marinade enhances the flavor of the jerky. Include a mix of salty, sweet, and spicy elements to create a complex flavor profile. Common ingredients include soy sauce, Worcestershire sauce, garlic powder, black pepper, and brown sugar. Allow the meat to marinate for at least 4 hours, preferably overnight, for the best flavor infusion.

4. Don’t Skip the Drying Step

Ensure that the meat is adequately dried to prevent spoilage. Monitor the drying process closely, whether using a dehydrator, oven, or smoker. The jerky should be firm, pliable, and not brittle. Check for doneness by bending a piece; it should bend without breaking.

5. Use Proper Storage Methods

Once your jerky is done drying, allow it to cool completely before storing. Keep it in airtight containers, resealable bags, or vacuum-sealed packaging to extend shelf life. Store it in a cool, dark place or refrigerate for longer freshness.

6. Experiment with Seasonings

Feel free to experiment with different spices and flavorings in your marinade. Adding crushed red pepper, smoked paprika, or even citrus zest can create unique flavor profiles. Consider trying different combinations to find your perfect blend.

7. Keep Hygiene in Mind

Maintain cleanliness throughout the jerky-making process. Use clean utensils, cutting boards, and containers to avoid contamination. Wash your hands thoroughly before handling the meat, and ensure that all surfaces are sanitized.

8. Make a Small Test Batch

If you’re trying a new marinade or flavor combination, consider making a small test batch first. This way, you can evaluate the flavor and adjust the recipe before making a larger batch.

9. Monitor Temperature and Humidity

When using a dehydrator or oven, keep an eye on the temperature and humidity levels. Too much humidity can prevent proper drying, while excessively high temperatures can cook the meat instead of drying it.

10. Know Your Jerky Preferences

Consider how you like your jerky—some people prefer it chewier, while others like it crispy. Adjust the drying time according to your personal preference, but be cautious not to over-dry, as this can lead to a tough texture.

By following these tips, you’ll be well on your way to creating delicious, homemade deer jerky that’s sure to impress friends and family. Enjoy the process, and happy jerky-making!

Storing Your Deer Jerky

Proper storage of deer jerky is essential to maintain its flavor, texture, and safety. When stored correctly, jerky can last for an extended period, making it a convenient and delicious snack. Here’s how to effectively store your homemade deer jerky:

1. Allow Jerky to Cool Completely

After removing the jerky from the dehydrator, oven, or smoker, let it cool to room temperature. This cooling process helps prevent moisture buildup inside the storage container, which can lead to spoilage.

2. Choose the Right Storage Container

  • Airtight Containers: Store jerky in airtight glass jars, plastic containers, or resealable bags. Ensure the container seals tightly to keep out air and moisture.
  • Vacuum-Sealed Bags: For the longest shelf life, consider vacuum sealing your jerky. This method removes excess air, further preventing oxidation and spoilage.

3. Use Proper Packaging

When using resealable bags, squeeze out as much air as possible before sealing. If using jars or containers, fill them without leaving too much empty space. This reduces the chance of air exposure, which can cause the jerky to become stale.

4. Store in a Cool, Dark Place

Keep your jerky in a cool, dark area, such as a pantry or cupboard. Avoid direct sunlight, as UV rays can degrade the quality of the jerky over time. Ideally, the storage temperature should be between 60°F to 70°F (15°C to 21°C).

5. Refrigeration for Extended Freshness

If you want to extend the shelf life of your jerky even further, consider storing it in the refrigerator. While it may not be necessary for short-term storage, refrigeration can help preserve freshness for several months.

6. Freezing for Long-Term Storage

For even longer storage, freeze your deer jerky. Use airtight containers or vacuum-sealed bags, and label them with the date. Jerky can be stored in the freezer for up to a year without significant loss of quality.

7. Monitor for Signs of Spoilage

Regularly check your stored jerky for any signs of spoilage, such as off smells, discoloration, or mold. If you notice any of these signs, it’s best to discard the jerky.

8. Use Within Recommended Timeframes

  • Room Temperature: If stored in an airtight container, jerky can last about 1 to 2 months at room temperature.
  • Refrigerator: In the fridge, jerky can last up to 6 months.
  • Freezer: Frozen jerky can remain good for 6 to 12 months.

By following these storage guidelines, you can enjoy your homemade deer jerky for an extended period while preserving its delicious flavor and texture.

Nutritional Information for Deer Jerky

Deer jerky is not only a delicious snack but also offers various nutritional benefits. The exact nutritional values can vary based on the specific ingredients used in the marinade and the lean cut of meat selected. Here’s a general overview of the nutritional information for a typical serving of homemade deer jerky (approximately 1 ounce or 28 grams):

Nutritional Breakdown

  • Calories: 70-100 calories
  • Protein: 11-14 grams
  • Total Fat: 1-3 grams
    • Saturated Fat: 0.5 grams
  • Cholesterol: 30-40 mg
  • Carbohydrates: 2-4 grams
    • Dietary Fiber: 0 grams
    • Sugars: 0-2 grams
  • Sodium: 200-400 mg

Vitamins and Minerals

  • Iron: 10-15% of the Daily Value (DV)
  • Zinc: 10-15% of the DV
  • Vitamin B12: 5-10% of the DV

Health Benefits

  • High in Protein: Deer jerky is an excellent source of lean protein, making it a satisfying snack that helps support muscle repair and growth.
  • Low in Fat: Compared to many commercial jerky options, homemade deer jerky can be lower in fat, especially if you use lean cuts and avoid added fats in the marinade.
  • Rich in Nutrients: Venison is a good source of essential nutrients like iron and zinc, which are important for immune function and energy levels.

Considerations

  • Sodium Content: Be mindful of the sodium content, especially if you’re watching your salt intake. Adjust the amount of soy sauce or salt in your marinade to control sodium levels.
  • Additives: Commercial jerky may contain preservatives and additives that can alter its nutritional profile. Making your own jerky allows you to control the ingredients.

This nutritional information can help you understand the benefits of incorporating deer jerky into your diet, especially as a healthy snack option. Always consider the specific ingredients and preparation methods used to get the most accurate nutritional breakdown for your homemade jerky.

The Joy of Making Deer Jerky at Home

Making deer jerky at home is not just a culinary endeavor; it’s an experience that combines tradition, creativity, and satisfaction. Here are some reasons why crafting your own deer jerky can be such a rewarding journey:

1. Control Over Ingredients

One of the most significant benefits of making deer jerky at home is the ability to control the ingredients. You can choose high-quality, lean cuts of venison and create a marinade tailored to your taste preferences. Whether you prefer sweet, spicy, or savory flavors, the choice is yours, allowing for a healthier alternative to store-bought options, which often contain preservatives and excessive sodium.

2. Connection to Tradition

For many, making jerky is a time-honored tradition passed down through generations. It connects you to your roots, whether it’s a family recipe or a cultural practice. This connection can enrich the process, making it more meaningful as you carry on a beloved tradition while also creating new memories with family and friends.

3. Creativity and Experimentation

Creating deer jerky allows for endless creativity. You can experiment with different marinades, spices, and drying techniques. From teriyaki to BBQ, the flavor possibilities are vast. Trying unique ingredients, such as maple syrup, hot sauce, or even coffee, can result in unexpected and delightful outcomes. This creative aspect makes each batch a unique expression of your culinary style.

4. Satisfaction of DIY

There’s a profound sense of accomplishment that comes from making your own jerky. From selecting the meat to preparing the marinade and monitoring the drying process, each step contributes to the final product. The first bite of your homemade jerky is a reward for your hard work and dedication, creating a sense of pride in what you’ve created.

5. Enjoyment of the Process

The process of making jerky can be enjoyable and meditative. It often involves simple techniques and allows you to immerse yourself in the experience, whether you’re marinating the meat, setting up the dehydrator, or packaging your finished product. Sharing this process with friends or family can enhance the experience, turning it into a fun group activity.

6. Versatile and Convenient Snack

Homemade deer jerky is a versatile snack that is perfect for various occasions. Whether you’re packing it for a road trip, hiking, or simply enjoying it at home, it’s a nutritious option that’s easy to take on the go. Plus, knowing that you made it yourself adds a personal touch.

7. Cost-Effective

Making deer jerky at home can also be more cost-effective than buying pre-packaged jerky. While the initial investment in equipment and ingredients may seem high, the long-term savings add up, especially if you make jerky regularly. You can create larger batches and store them, ensuring you have a satisfying snack available whenever you want.

8. Appreciation for Nature

For hunters and outdoor enthusiasts, making deer jerky fosters a deeper appreciation for the resources provided by nature. It encourages mindful consumption, as you utilize the meat from your hunt in a way that honors the animal and minimizes waste.

In summary, the joy of making deer jerky at home lies in the combination of creativity, tradition, and satisfaction. Whether you’re seeking to create delicious snacks, connect with family heritage, or explore new flavors, the experience is sure to be fulfilling. So gather your ingredients, unleash your culinary creativity, and enjoy the rewarding journey of making your very own deer jerky!

FAQs

Is deer good for jerky?

Yes, deer is an excellent choice for making jerky. Venison is leaner than many other meats, which makes it suitable for jerky, as it has lower fat content that can spoil over time. The rich flavor of deer meat pairs well with a variety of marinades, enhancing the taste of the finished product.

What is deer jerky called?

Deer jerky is commonly referred to as “venison jerky.” The term “venison” specifically denotes meat from deer, and when prepared as jerky, it retains this designation. Some may also refer to it simply as “jerky,” but specifying “venison jerky” clarifies the type of meat used.

What is the best way to make deer jerky?

The best way to make deer jerky involves several key steps:

  1. Select Lean Cuts: Choose lean cuts of venison, such as backstrap or hindquarters.
  2. Slice Evenly: Cut the meat into uniform strips, about 1/4 inch thick, to ensure even drying.
  3. Marinate: Create a flavorful marinade and allow the meat to soak for several hours or overnight.
  4. Dry: Use a dehydrator, oven, or smoker to dry the meat until it reaches the desired texture, typically 6 to 12 hours depending on the method and thickness of the slices.
  5. Store: Once dried and cooled, store the jerky in airtight containers or vacuum-sealed bags.

Is dehydrated deer meat safe to eat?

Yes, dehydrated deer meat is safe to eat as long as it has been prepared and stored correctly. The dehydration process removes moisture, which inhibits bacterial growth. However, it’s important to ensure that the meat reaches the recommended temperature during the drying process to eliminate harmful pathogens. Always practice proper food safety measures, such as using clean utensils and storing the jerky in airtight containers to prevent spoilage.

Conclusion and Final Thoughts on Your Jerky Adventure

Embarking on the journey of making deer jerky is not just about creating a tasty snack; it’s an exploration of flavor, tradition, and personal achievement. From selecting the finest cuts of venison to experimenting with unique marinades and drying methods, each step offers an opportunity to learn and express your culinary creativity.

Throughout this adventure, you’ve discovered the satisfaction that comes from controlling the ingredients and crafting a product tailored to your taste. The ability to customize flavors, whether sweet, spicy, or savory, allows for endless variations, ensuring that your jerky is not just another snack, but a reflection of your unique palate. For additional snack inspiration, consider trying a Chex Mix recipe that pairs well with your homemade jerky.

Moreover, the connection to tradition and the great outdoors enriches the experience, making it a meaningful process that can be shared with family and friends. Whether you’re passing down recipes, hosting a jerky-making session, or simply enjoying your creations, the memories made along the way are invaluable.

As you continue your jerky adventure, remember the joy of experimentation. Don’t hesitate to try new flavors, techniques, and storage methods. Each batch can be a new exploration, bringing excitement and anticipation for what’s to come.

Finally, enjoy the fruits of your labor—homemade deer jerky is a nutritious, versatile, and convenient snack that not only satisfies cravings but also embodies the hard work and creativity you’ve poured into it. So grab your next batch, share it with others, or savor it for yourself. Here’s to many more successful jerky-making adventures ahead!

For ingredients and helpful resources, explore Amazon and AllRecipes.

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